Application of genetic methods in improving the productive qualities of Kalmyk cattle

Morphofunctional and phenotypic assessment of farm animals no longer meets modern breeding requirements. To preserve and improve the genetic potential of animals, it is necessary to apply the latest breeding methods. Today, in the Republic of Kalmykia, immunogenetic studies are effectively used in animal husbandry. It is important that when choosing breeding methods, it is necessary to take into account genetic compatibility, since it affects not only fertility, but also the presence of embryonic mortality, abortions, the number of stillborns, complications after calving and the safety of calves in the first months of life.
The goal was to increase the productivity of Kalmyk cattle by using immunogenetic methods, taking into account the index of genetic similarity. The material for laboratory studies was blood samples of Kalmyk cattle.
When analyzing blood groups, differences in antigenic similarity were revealed: antigens A1, A2, G2, E’3, C2, Z met with the highest frequency, the frequency variation ranged from 70-100%. The identification of the most effective selection method, taking into account the index of genetic similarity, revealed the smallest number of parental pairs in low (0.0-0.30) and high (0.61-0.90) indices of antigenic similarity and amounted to: Agrofirma Aduchi LLC – 24 couples (16%) and 48 couples (32%), JSC “Sarpa” – 17 couples (11%) and 21 couples (14 JSC PZ named after A Chapchaev – 15 couples (10%) and 9 couples (6%), LLC “Agribusiness” – 8 pairs (5%) and 7 pairs (5%), respectively.
When selecting parent pairs with an index of antigenic similarity of 0.31-0.60 and the presence of antigens in the genotype with the maximum frequency, it allows to obtain bulls with the highest live weight.
The difference in live weight of bulls at 15 months of age with an index of 0.31-0.60 is reliable and can serve as a selection criterion, and antigens A1, A2, G2, E’3, C2, Z can be proposed as markers of productivity in the selection of bulls by live weight.
The use of selection by productivity markers using the index of antigenic similarity of parents is one of the reserves for increasing the productivity of cattle of the Kalmyk breed.

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