One of the measures that contribute to increasing the production of mutton and improving its quality is the proper feeding of young animals. In this regard, the development of the issue of the most effective use of new feed additives, ensuring good growth of young animals and high feed fees, is of great practical importance.A special place in the diet of ruminants is occupied by probiotic and prebiotic preparations, which are based on yeast and contain living microorganisms– symbionts of the gastrointestinal tract. One of these innovative feed additives is the probiotic Bifidum-SHH. The mechanism of action of this drug is that multiplying in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, it produces biologically active substances and hydrolytic enzymes that break down the nutrients of the diet and increases their absorption. However, there is no information in the literature available to us about the effect of the above-mentioned probiotic on the productivity of sheep. Therefore, this served as an excuse for us to conduct a scientific and economic experiment to study the effect of Bifidum-SHJ on the development and productivity of sheep in different age periods.

To obtain high productivity from cattle, it is necessary to create a good feed base, develop and implement advanced methods of preparation and distribution of feed. One of the main ways to boost beef production is to improve the preparation and use of concentrated feed. There are different ways to improve the quality and nutritional value of feed. One of them is the extrusion of concentrated feed, which is considered the most effective. In the structure of the diet for fattening calves, 30-40% are concentrated feeds.

Improving the quality, nutritional value and digestibility of concentrated feed by processing is relevant. The productivity of animals increases with the use of up to 40% of the extruded feed.

The article considers the Kalmyk breed of cattle. The Kalmyk cattle breed is the brainchild of Morkhadzhi Narmaev. The largest Kalmyk Bactrians, the Kalmyk breed of barg dogs, are known all over the world. All these were the dreams and plans of Professor Morkhadzhi Narmaev. And they came true. Capital work of M.B. Narmayeva’s “Kalmyk Cattle” will be the reference book of every specialist and scientist dealing with the problems of traditional animal husbandry for many years to come. In it, the scientist devoted separate chapters to the characteristics of Kalmyk cattle, on feeding and keeping livestock, and on the achievements of breeding farms in the republic.

The Republic of Kalmykia is located in a zone of vast dry steppes, which allows for pasture-based animal husbandry.

The traditional animal husbandry of the republic is beef cattle breeding, sheep breeding, herd horse breeding and camel breeding.

According to the report of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kalmykia for 2024, the number of cattle in our republic increased by 103% compared to last year and amounted to 320 thousand heads. This indicates the development of the agricultural sector in the region.

The number of cows amounted to 214 thousand heads. 86 calves were received per 100 cows and heifers, a total of 196 thousand calves were received during the reporting period. The number of sheep today is 1,570.0 thousand heads. Wool shearing from one sheep averaged 3.5 kg. We received 1.2 million during the October period of this year. the lambs.

According to many scientists, such as Gorlova I.F., Balashova V.V., Moskvicheva A.Yu., Borodycheva V.V., Gritsienko V.G., Filina V.I. and many others, «in the zone of the Lower Volga region, legumes and leguminous crops can significantly preserve and increase the fertility of low-cultivated zonal soils, reduce the need for high-standing mineral fertilizers (containing nitrogen), to grow an environmentally friendly product»[1-3]. In the drysteppe, sharply arid region of the Republic of Kalmykia, drought-resistant leguminous crops such as chickpeas and peas, which have advantages, should be cultivated on a subtype of light chestnut and chernozem soils. A special feature of these crops is their relative unpretentiousness to soils, primarily chickpea varieties «Volgogradsky 10», «Volzhanin», and «Privo 1», which have proven themselves well.

In recent years, there has been a tendency in the Russian Federation to expand the acreage under chickpea culture. Chickpeas have been cultivated in the country since 2013. At the moment, the total area of crops of this crop has reached up to 300 thousand hectares.

Most of the territory is concentrated in the Volgograd region, with about 200,000 hectares of chickpea crops, ranking first in chickpea production in the Russian Federation.,

The Saratov Region also makes a significant contribution, with over 50,000 hectares of chickpea. In other regions of the Russian Federation, in the Rostov region, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, as well as in the Republic of Kalmykia, the scale of chickpea cultivation is small. This crop demonstrates a steady increase in popularity among agricultural producers and the expansion of its distribution area, which is an important factor for the further development of the country’s agro-industrial complex.

In the dry steppe and semi-desert zones of the Lower Volga region, under irrigated conditions, annual forage crops were studied on zonal soils of the Volgograd region, and in the dry steppe zone of the Republic of Kalmykia, a complex of problems regarding the technology of growing sorghum crops is poorly understood [1,2].

The research results confirm that when growing sorghum crops using a system of two or three harvests, the coefficient of arable land utilization increases to 1.1...1.3, it is possible to obtain 100...150 t/ha of green mass and increase the productivity of an irrigated hectare to 15 thousand feed units and more [3].

Monitoring the state of fertility of agricultural lands on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia is carried out by the Federal State Budgetary Institution SAS “Kalmytskaya”. The content of mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds is determined by the Machigin method modified by TsINAO (GOST 26205-91), humus by the Tyurin method modified by TsINAO (GOST 26213-91), mobile sulfur by the TsINAO method (GOST 26490-85), microelements – according to approved methods [4].