This article presents the results of a study of Jersey cattle in the Volgograd region, including their reproductive characteristics, physiological state, and natural resistance. Recommendations for improving the animals’ adaptability are provided.

Spatial isolation is necessary to preserve the typicality of cross-pollinated crops, which is extremely difficult to ensure in ecological variety testing, where a large number of varieties and hybrids are available. The most acceptable way to preserve typicality is to sow seeds from one year of harvest. It is necessary to take into account the longevity of seeds and their ability to maintain high sowing conditions during the period of ecological testing of the crop. To carry out ecological variety testing, spring rapeseed seeds must comply with the RS category and have a laboratory germination rate of at least 80%.

Storage of seeds for three years did not significantly affect the decrease in laboratory germination in the sample of varieties and hybrids. The average laboratory germination in the sample of varieties was 88.1%. and hybrids – 89.4%. It is necessary to calculate the seeding rate based on the actual laboratory germination for each sample.

The area of technogenic impact of the aluminum plant occupies significant areas where active agricultural production is carried out. However, when choosing crops, the reaction of crops and varieties to climatic, weather conditions and technogenic impact of the aluminum plant is not always taken into account. It was found that during the two years of testing in the area affected by the aluminum plant, the highest grain yield was obtained from spring soft wheat, with an average of about 2.1 tons per hectare over the two years of research. The yield of barley was about 1.7 tons per hectare, and that of oats was 1.3 tons per hectare.

The main indicators of economic efficiency in rural production consist of the volume of gross output, as well as net income and profit. A more detailed economic assessment consists of the yield per 1 hectare, the cost of funds per hectare, as well as the cost of a ton of grain, the calculated profit per 1 hectare and the level of profitability itself. It is best to use the actual purchase price at the time of calculating economic efficiency. Due to this, it is possible to achieve more truthful recommendations when forming a justification and a real return on costs per hectare. At the time of calculation, the purchase price was 28 rubles per 1 kg of grain.

In 2024, «Russian Komolaya» LLC in the Volgograd Region studied the productivity of Kalmyk bulls, purchasing more than 500 young animals from SPK Ovtsevod LLC (Stavropol Territory). For the analysis, three groups of 15 bulls were formed – descendants of the bulls Kalkan 3616, Aport 3154 and Sailor 4993. All animals were kept under the same conditions. By 18 months, the Kalkan 3616 gobies outperformed their peers in terms of live weight, growth, lethal yield and meat quality (more protein and fat, higher calories). Economically, this line turned out to be the most profitable: lower cost and higher profit. The results of the study confirm that the Kalkan 3616 line has significant potential for breeding Kalmyk breed in new regions and can become the basis for increasing the efficiency of meat cattle breeding.