Providing the population of our country with meat products of our own production is the main task of the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, the main task of livestock breeders is to increase the productivity of animals at the lowest cost. The development of cattle breeding depends on the conditions of feeding and keeping animals, preservation, improvement of the quality of the feed used and the use of various feed additives to balance nutrients and minerals. It is known that with proper feeding, animals realize their genetic potential of productivity. We studied the effect of premixes on the productive qualities of young Kalmyk cattle. Thus, the influence of premixes on the productive qualities of young Kalmyk cattle is relevant.

A.M.Guryanov (2007), V.I. Kolmatsky, V.N.Gorlov (2019) believe that the use of various biologically active additives of domestic production, which contribute to the manifestation of the physiological capabilities of the body, plays an important role in the organization of scientifically based full-fledged animal feeding. One of these new generation additives is the probiotic feed additive “Enervit”, which is an innovative product of microbiological synthesis with the introduction of probiotic cultures and additives to activate scar microorganisms. It is known from the literature available to us that the effectiveness of the application has been studied in calves and birds. Therefore, in order to further deepen knowledge and wider implementation of the innovative feed additive “Enervit” in the production of mutton and wool, a scientific and industrial justification of their use in the arid zone of Southern Russia is necessary. The research was carried out according to a general methodological program developed in accordance with the thematic research plan of the B.B. Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University and the M.B.Narmaev Kalmyk Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences.

High productivity of animals, first of all, depends on a full-fledged diet, which is provided by feed, the more fully a particular feed satisfies the vital requirements of animals, the more nutritious it is. Yu.A. Yuldashbaev, B.E. Garyaev, and I.V. Tserenov (2012) believe that the use of various biologically active additives of domestic production, which contribute to the manifestation of the physiological capabilities of the body, plays an important role in the organization of scientifically based full-fledged animal feeding.
One of these new generation additives is the probiotic feed additive “Enervit”, which is an innovative product of microbiological synthesis with the introduction of probiotic cultures and additives to activate scar microorganisms. It is known from the literature available to us that the effectiveness of the application has been studied in calves and birds. Therefore, in order to further deepen knowledge and wider implementation of the innovative feed additive “Enervit” in the production of mutton and wool, a scientific and industrial justification of their use in the arid zone of Southern Russia is necessary. The research was carried out according to a general methodological program developed in accordance with the thematic research plan of the B.B. Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University and the M.B.Narmaev Kalmyk Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences.

Each animal breed, being a product of the interaction of genotype and environment, has its own biological features and distinctive properties. The gene pool of animals of a particular breed with the greatest economic utility can be used only if there are no contradictions between the genetic properties of the organism and the par atypical environmental factors. Animals of any breed with inadequate feeding and maintenance conditions, as well as the physical environment, cannot show their potential and realize the genetic makings of productivity. Only with a thorough study of the biological characteristics of animals, on the basis of finding out the reasons for their formation, on the basis of taking into account the entire variety of environmental factors, it is possible to correctly judge the breed.

Beef productivity and quality are determined by a number of factors, including the breed characteristics of animals, and it is closely related to the biological patterns of their growth and development. Taking into account the patterns affecting meat productivity makes it possible to efficiently raise and fatten livestock and produce beef. Beef is the main branch of meat production in our country. The problem of beef production can be solved with the development of specialized beef cattle breeding. Currently, beef cattle breeding is conducted on an extensive basis due to a weak feed base. One of the domestic breeds of beef cattle is the Kalmyk breed. In advanced farms, with intensive cultivation, Kalmyk bull calves weigh up to 420 kg or more by the age of 18 months. The slaughter yield is 62%.Many researchers note that beef production and its genetic potential depend on the effective use of technology for rearing and fattening young animals. Using effective technologies for growing and fattening young animals, Beef production can be increased. For the production of meat in our country, cattle are fattened and foraged. The cost of meat depends on the proper organization of livestock fattening. Livestock feeding is carried out on natural pastures. When feeding livestock, it is possible to obtain high gains in live weight at the lowest cost. During the feeding period, the average daily gains in animals are 800-900 g.

The Republic of Kalmykia has adopted the program “Revival of traditional pasture animal husbandry”. An increase in the number of sheep in the republic is planned due to the import of coarse-wooled meat-sucking fat-tailed sheep. Along with fat-tailed sheep, Karakul sheep should play an important role in solving this program. Karakul sheep, like fattailed sheep, are well adapted to year-round grazing, drink salt water, and in critical periods of the year they are content with only coarse-stalked dry vegetation. Unlike fine-fleeced ones, they graze in a loose pattern over a large area and are “gentle” in relation to pastures. However, over the years of economic reforms, the number of Karakul sheep, like all other breeds, has  significantly decreased, and the quality of karakul has deteriorated. In this regard, one of the main tasks is to increase the number of sheep and improve the quality of Karakul pelts.

This article presents the results of studies on the meat productivity of Kalmyk bull calves, depending on their lineage. Groups of animals of different lines were formed for the experiment: Zimmer 733. Slender 2520, Leleshko 15. Meat productivity and quality indicators of meat from representatives of these lines were studied.

The difficult soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia and the longterm large-scale use of agricultural land without taking into account important environmental factors caused a violation of the ecological and economic balance in the agriculture of the region. The main negative processes requiring systematic monitoring of lands are surface wind erosion, over-compaction and dehumidification of soils, secondary salinization, and degradation of natural forage lands. All these really present negative processes must be fully taken into account in adaptive landscape farming in Kalmykia. Global climate change also implies significant adjustments to the current farming system based on the principles of adaptive landscape environmental management. The conditions of low moisture availability of the territory and the lack of nutrients in the soil strongly require the use of energy- and moisture-saving, fertilizing technologies for cultivating basic crops.

In the difficult natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia, the adaptive landscape land use system remains the most successful agroecological strategy for agricultural development at the present time and in the long term. The difficulty of transferring agriculture in the republic to the agrolandscape lies in the wide variety of natural and economic conditions of agriculture. The aridity of the climate, the morphological features of agricultural landscapes, and the intensive development of degradation processes remain common factors. In difficult soil and climatic conditions, the efficiency of all agriculture is mainly determined by the improvement of water and nutrient regimes of the soil, more rational placement of cultivated crops in time and space.

The article considers the main stages of the technology: collection and sorting of raw materials, disinfection, grinding, drying and production of feed products (meat and bone meal, blood and bone meal, animal fat). Particular attention is paid to quality control,
compliance with regulatory requirements (GOST, TR CU) and the environmental benefits of waste recycling. The production of feed products from slaughterhouse waste is a high-tech process of recycling secondary raw materials of animal origin (blood, bones, offal, fat) into valuable protein-mineral feed for farm animals, poultry and fish. In feeding animals in feed meal, special attention is given to the development of rations for animals, since it is of high value, contains a large amount of fat and protein. The technology allows to reduce the cost of feed, increase the profitability of meat processing enterprises and minimize the negative impact on the environment.

Sudanese grass is able to become one of the most important crops used for feed, it is able to produce high yields of hay and green mass compared to other annual fodder crops. Sudanese grass hay is more tender, nutritious and easily digestible by domestic
animals: cattle, horses, pigs and sheep on pasture and in hay, as well as in silage. In terms of protein content, it is second only to legumes. Despite the presence of good grazing qualities, the Sudanka has a lack of minerals and vitamins. Therefore, during pasture maintenance and silage feeding, it is necessary to feed with minerals and vitamins.