The purpose of scientific research is to develop a way to assess the breeding value of animals using traditional and automated methods. The research tasks included the development of an index system for the selection of pigs, the compilation of an algorithm for the index evaluation module, the testing of the work of the program module, the analysis of changes in pig productivity indicators. Processing of the results of scientific research was carried out in the laboratory of Molecular diagnostics and Biotechnology of the Don State Agrarian University. The first stage of research provided for the development of pig evaluation indices, for this purpose, weight coefficients, target standards were determined, average values were calculated, correlation coefficients and heritability of traits were calculated. The second stage of the research involved the development of a system of rules and the establishment of a logical relationship for the automation of index evaluation in the software module. The third stage of the research consisted in the actual process of writing the programs of the index evaluation module. The testing of the index selection system and the software module was carried out in CJSC “Plemzavod-Yubileyny” of the Tyumen region in the period from 2017 to 2020.

The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the growth energy indicators and the dynamics of the live weight of young Kalmyk breed at different levels of feeding during the suckling period. It was shown that during the entire growing period, the consumption of metabolic energy in experienced bulls was 4000 MJ and 50 kg of digestible protein more than in peers of the control group. Additional feeding of suckling calves provided superiority in average daily growth in bulls by 70 g, and in heifers by 38 g per head per day. Heifers of all groups could be used in reproduction, since their live weight corresponded to 75% of the live weight of full-aged cows. From the bulls of the experimental group, having higher live weight indicators and a lower cost of 1 kg of gain than the peers of the control group, but with the same realizable cost of 1 kg of live weight,56.1% more profit was obtained and 5.3% higher profitability. During the experimental period, the animals of all groups did not have a high growth rate: at the age of 17 months, the bulls reached slaughter conditions with live weight indicators of more than 400 kg, with a significant superiority in favor of the animals of the experimental group. At the same time, a positive dependence of the growth energy of young animals, their live weight and the selling price with cost recovery and profitability has been established.

Each type of feeding has its own characteristics due to the specific effect of feed on the metabolism, physiological state and productivity of animals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to study carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism at different ratios of coarse, concentrated and juicy feeds in the diet of young cattle during fattening. Feeding a silage diet with an increased level of metabolic energy contributed to an increase in the total amount of LVH by 14.5% compared with the control. The introduction of corn silage and concentrates into the diet in the experimental group contributed to a significant 12.9 mg% decrease in the breakdown of protein in the diet. The highest concentration of total amino acids in the scar fluid was observed with a silage diet with a high level of concentrated feed, 514 mg%, which is 139 mg% higher than when feeding diets with low energy saturation. With this diet, the highest average daily gain in live weight was also observed (834-1042 g). With a hay diet, the concentration of total amino acids in the sample of scar fluid was 408-505 mg% for both groups of animals. The average daily gains in these groups were 730-897 g.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the production of livestock products in the country, which makes it possible to meet not only domestic needs, but also to produce products for export. The main share of meat production is occupied, as before, by poultry and pig products, 43 and 35%, respectively. The number of cattle for the current period totals 17,9 million heads, which is 2,4% lower than the same period last year. Thus, in order to increase the efficiency of livestock production, it is necessary to conduct targeted work on the intensification of cattle breeding and the introduction of advanced technologies, to more fully use the genetic potential of bred livestock breeds, and to increase growth and development to create optimal conditions for keeping and feeding.
In recent years, large-scale work has been carried out in the republic to revive pasture animal husbandry and give it a new impetus for successful development. Kalmyk cattle have high acclimatization and fattening qualities, which makes it possible to breed them clean and cross with other breeds in other regions and regions of the country (14).

Sheep breeding plays an important role in the economy of the republic. Therefore, the preservation of the gene pool of Kalmyk sheep and the improvement of their productive qualities is an urgent topic of study.
The research was carried out in the laboratory of general genetics and biochemistry of the regional research and production center for the reproduction of farm animals and the organization of the evaluation of animal producers.
The groups were determined by 14 antigens according to the generally accepted method.
Biochemical parameters and mineral composition of blood were determined on a semiautomatic analyzer Stat Fox 1904+ manufactured by Awareness Technology Inc., USA.
The genetic structure of sheep populations has shown the commonality and variability of the frequency of antigens. High values are characterized by Cb systems C (0.65) and O systems R (0.62), low Mb systems M and Ca, Bi (0.34; 0.35). The greatest difference exists between the sheep population in LLC “Agrofirma Aduchi” and other populations. The genetic distance is 0.0495 – 0.0733, the sheep populations of LLC “Agroprominvest” and LLC “Baska”, SEC “Harba” are closer (0.0002, 0.0011).
The studied livestock differed in biochemical parameters. Thus, in Agrofirma Aduchi LLC, more than one third of the animals (37%) had a serum protein level higher or equal to the average for the herd, amounting to 68.9 -72.1 g/l, compared to 68.9 g/l in SEC “im. Chapchaeva”, the level of total protein above the average value for the herd was almost half of the animals (n=6, 43%): 20,6-73,7 g/l, versus 70.4 g/l (P>0.95). As a rule, the activity of ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase in these animals was higher (P>0.99).

Morphofunctional and phenotypic assessment of farm animals no longer meets modern breeding requirements. To preserve and improve the genetic potential of animals, it is necessary to apply the latest breeding methods. Today, in the Republic of Kalmykia, immunogenetic studies are effectively used in animal husbandry. It is important that when choosing breeding methods, it is necessary to take into account genetic compatibility, since it affects not only fertility, but also the presence of embryonic mortality, abortions, the number of stillborns, complications after calving and the safety of calves in the first months of life.
The goal was to increase the productivity of Kalmyk cattle by using immunogenetic methods, taking into account the index of genetic similarity. The material for laboratory studies was blood samples of Kalmyk cattle.
When analyzing blood groups, differences in antigenic similarity were revealed: antigens A1, A2, G2, E’3, C2, Z met with the highest frequency, the frequency variation ranged from 70-100%. The identification of the most effective selection method, taking into account the index of genetic similarity, revealed the smallest number of parental pairs in low (0.0-0.30) and high (0.61-0.90) indices of antigenic similarity and amounted to: Agrofirma Aduchi LLC – 24 couples (16%) and 48 couples (32%), JSC “Sarpa” – 17 couples (11%) and 21 couples (14 JSC PZ named after A Chapchaev – 15 couples (10%) and 9 couples (6%), LLC “Agribusiness” – 8 pairs (5%) and 7 pairs (5%), respectively.
When selecting parent pairs with an index of antigenic similarity of 0.31-0.60 and the presence of antigens in the genotype with the maximum frequency, it allows to obtain bulls with the highest live weight.
The difference in live weight of bulls at 15 months of age with an index of 0.31-0.60 is reliable and can serve as a selection criterion, and antigens A1, A2, G2, E’3, C2, Z can be proposed as markers of productivity in the selection of bulls by live weight.
The use of selection by productivity markers using the index of antigenic similarity of parents is one of the reserves for increasing the productivity of cattle of the Kalmyk breed.

Sesame is a relatively new crop in the Russian Federation, it began to be grown in the conditions of the Krasnodar, Stavropol territories, Astrakhan region only in the 2000s on small areas [1, 2, 5]. In the Republic of Kalmykia, agroecological aspects of sesame cultivation began to be studied for the first time in 2020 in the conditions of the UNPC “Agronomus” of KalmGU on a zonal light chestnut subtype of soil. The purpose of the field study was to study the agroecological features of sesame growing in the central zone of Kalmykia and to develop the basic elements of agricultural technology (sowing method, seeding rate, fertilizer doses, irrigation regime). It was found that in the field experiment of 2020-2021, with drip irrigation, it is possible to grow it successfully, and the largest yield of sesame seeds was obtained with wide-row sowing – 0,45 m. with a sowing rate of 450 thousand. / ha of plants and fertilization at a dose of N₉₀P₉₀, averaging 1,33 t /ha.

 The article highlights the results of observations of the effect of sulfur compounds released into the atmosphere from the Mubarek gas processing  plant on soil microflora. The data presented indicate the state of microorganisms in the soil.